Expression levels of casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene expression in breast cancer tissues and its clinical prognosis analysis / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveCasitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene (CBL) expression in different types of breast cancer and its role in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of breast cancer patients have been rarely reported. Here, we aimed to analyze the expression levels of CBL in breast cancer tissues and its difference in different molecular types, pathological types, TNM grades and clinical stages. Additionally, the role of CBL in the diagnosis and clinical prognosis evaluation in breast cancer patients was researched.MethodsData were downloaded from the USCS Xena database, and the expression of CBL genes in breast cancer tissues (1104 cases) and adjacent tissues (113 cases) were analyzed. CBL gene expression of different molecular types (triple negative, HER2+, Luminal A, Luminal B) and different pathological types (invasive ductal cancer, invasive lobular cancer, mixed tissue breast cancer, mucinous cancer, others) in breast cancer tissue samples were analyzed. It is divided into T1, T2, T3, T4, and Tx according to the tumor volume and the affected area of adjacent tissues. It is divided into N0, N1, N2, N3, and Nx according to the regional lymph node involvement. It is divided into cM0 (i+), M0, M1, Mx according to whether there is a distant transfer. According to different clinical stages, it is divided into stage I, stage II, stage III, stage IV, and others. Expression of CBL gene in different TNM grades and clinical stages of breast cancer was compared.Correlation between CBL gene expression and different TNM grades, clinical stages of breast cancer was examined. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the value of CBL in the diagnosis of breast cancer. According to the median value of gene expression 2.152, it was divided into high expression group (≥2.152) and low expression group (<2.152). Survival analysis was performed to verify whether CBL gene is associated with survival prognosis gene. The expression level of CBL protein in breast cancer tissues was further detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn breast cancer tissues with different molecular types, the expression of CBL gene was highest in triple-negative breast cancer tissues (P<0.05). The expression of CBL gene in Luminal B breast cancer tissues was lower than that of Luminal A (P<0.05). The expression level of CBL gene in invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma tissues was lower than that in mixed tissue breast cancer (P<0.05). The expression level of CBL gene in invasive ductal carcinoma was higher than that of invasive lobular carcinoma (P<0.05). The expression of CBL gene from T1 to T3 gradually decreased (P<0.05). The expression of CBL gene in N0 was higher than that in N1 (P<0.05). The expression of CBL gene gradually decreased from stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of CBL mRNA in breast cancer tissues for diagnosis was 0.768. The survival rate of the CBL gene high expression group was higher than low expression group (P<0.05). The CBL gene is a prognosis-related gene, and high expression of CBL is positively correlated with the good prognosis of breast cancer patients (P<0.05).ConclusionCBL is a good prognosis-related gene in breast cancer patients, and it is expected to become a new clinical diagnostic and prognostic marker for breast cancer patients.

Efficacy of real-time PCR for detecting Clostridium difficile infection: comparison with enzyme-linked fluorescent spectroscopy-based approaches / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of real?time polymerase chain reaction (q?PCR) for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in comparison with routine culture and enzyme?linked fluorescent spectroscopy?based aprroaches.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stool samples were collected from suspected CDI cases in General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA between May and December in 2016. All the samples were examined with 3 methods, namely enzyme?linked fluorescent spectroscopy for detecting Clostridium difficile toxin A/B (CDAB), detection of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and q?PCR for amplification of Clostridium difficile?specific gene tpi and toxin gene (tcdA/tcdB), with the results of fecal culture as the reference for evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of the 3 methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the total of 70 fecal samples, 13 (18.57%) were found to be positive for Clostridium difficile, including toxin?producing strains in 6 (8.57%) samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic coincidence rate of q?PCR for tpi were 92.31%, 91.23%, 70.59%, 98.11% and 91.43%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of GDH test (84.62%, 84.21%, 55.00%, 96.00%, and 84.29%, respectively; Χ=24.881, P<0.001). The sensitivity of q?PCR for tcdA/cdB was significantly higher than that of enzyme?linked fluorescent spectroscopy for CDAB in detecting CDI (66.67% vs 33.33%; Χ=35.918, P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both CDAB detection and q?PCR have a high specificity in detecting CDI, but GDH detection has a good sensitivity, and all these 3 methods have a high negative predictive value. Compared with other detection methods, amplification of tpi and tcdA/tcdB using q?PCR allows more rapid, sensitive and specific detection of CDI.</p>

Epidemiological survey of high-risk human papillomavirus among 2501 woman / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in woman in Guangzhou during the period from 2013 to 2014.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2501 women in Guangzhou seeking medical attention in our hospital underwent high-risk HPV genotype screening of cervical specimens using real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection among the women was 14.85% (146/983) in the year 2013, similar to the rate of 14.56% (221/1518) in 2014 (Χ(2)=0.041, P=0.839); no significant differences were found in the high-risk HPV infection rates between different age groups in either 2013 (Χ(2)=2.916, P=0.572) or 2014 (Χ(2)=6.494, P=0.165). The constituent ratio of the 13 types of high-risk HPV showed no significant difference between 2013 and 2014 (Χ(2)=11.872, P=0.452). The 13 HPV genotypes detected, listed in a descending order of the constituent ratios, included HPV-52, -16, -58, -56, -39, -51, -68, -59, -31, -35, -18, -33 and -45 in 2013, and were HPV-52, -16, -58, -68, -18, -51, -56, -39, -31, -33, -59, -35 and-45 in 2014.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We report a high prevalence of high-risk HPV among women in Guangzhou, which suggests the necessity of screening for high-risk HPV-DNA among women at all ages for prevention and early detection of cervical cancer.</p>

Catheter directed thrombolysis for early left lower extremity deep venous thrombosis without vena cava filters protection / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the indications, safety and efficacy of catheter directed thrombolysis for early left lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) without vena cava filters protection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 54 cases of early left lower extremity DVT received catheter directed thrombolysis without vena cava filters from July 2008 to June 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The thrombosis was entire without free floating clots and no thrombosis in vena cava detected with ultrasound scan. Twenty-five patients were male and 29 were female with the average age of 52.8 years. Fifty-one of which were iliofemoral and popliteal, the other 3 were iliofemoral. The course were ≤ 7 d in 45 cases and these were 8 to 30 d in 9 cases. Urokinase of 300 000 U was infused through catheters per 2 h twice a day. Meanwhile 4000 U of low weight heparin was administered subcutaneously per 12 h, or heparin infusion at dosage of 18 U×kg(-1)×h(-1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The procedure technically succeeded in all patients. In total cases venous score decreased to 4.6 ± 2.1 post 6 to 10 d of thrombolysis from 10.8 ± 1.0 with thrombolysis rate of 58% ± 18% which was not significantly different between groups of ≤ 7 d and 8 to 30 d (t = 1.02, P = 0.34). On 14(th) day, 11 patients (20.4%) completely recovered, 35 cases (64.8%) experienced large improvement, 8 patients (14.8%) had mild improvement and nobody was failed, resulting in total efficacy of 100%. No patient developed clinical symptomatic pulmonary embolism. SpO2 did not alter markedly post thrombolysis [(91.0 ± 2.6)% vs. (90.8 ± 2.4)%, t = 2.03, P = 0.05]. No patients suffered from cerebral hemorrhage and haemoturia, and catheter induced inflammation occurred in 4 cases (7.41%). There was mild bleeding in puncture sites in 11 patients (20.4%) during the course. There were 36 patients (66.7%) had been followed up with the time of 6 to 21 months. In which 31 cases had no lower extremity edema or had mild edema after activities. Two patients developed serious edema after activities for deep venous insufficiency. Three cases combined with malignant tumor or renal failure recurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For early left extremity DVT which is entire without free floating clots and no thrombosis in vena cava, catheter directed thrombolysis without filter protection maybe administered with safety, efficiency and lower expense.</p>

Study on the changing regularity of special antibody and expression of stomach and enteric involvement on SARS-coronavirus infection in the recovery period of severe acute respiratory syndrome / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the change of special antibodies titer IgG, IgM and nucleocaspid to SARS coronavirus (CoV) and observing the expression of stomach and enteric involvement on SARS-CoV infection by monoclonal antibody against N protein of SARS-CoV in the 7- year recovery period among family clustering cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Methods Special antibody titer to SARS-CoV of 14 patients from 5 different families and their 10 kinfolks continuously tested by IFA and antigen-capturing ELISA methods. Samples were taken in the 1st-7th year periods after SARS patients infected by SARS-CoV, being diluted and measured on it titers of three kinds of antibodies. Immunochemical staining with monoclonal antibody (mAb) against N protein of SARS-CoV was used to determine the stomach and enteric tissues among 5 SARS patients with their nucleocaspid antibody titer ascended obviously after 1st-7th year. Results When testing the IgG antibody titer of the 14 SARS patients by IFA method, the average titer was 1/71 (95%CI:1/58-1/85) in the 1st year, but began to descend in the following years, and the IgG antibody of the most SARS patients disappeared in the 7th year. Regarding the IgM titer, it disappeared in most of the SARS patients 1 year later. The average value of nucleocaspid antibody titer was 1/146 (95% CI:1/122-1/171) in the 1st year, and it descended as the IgG antibody titer did. In 5 cases, differences appeared.The nucleocaspid antibody titer was between 1/156 and 1/210 in 3 cases, and 2 cases were normal.Immunochemical staining with mAb against N protein of SARS-CoV was identified in the stomach and enteric tissues of 5 SARS patients with the nucleocaspid antibody titer increased significantly, 1st-7th year later. The five patients were detected by gastroscopy detection and cell immunohistochemistry test. 3 cases showed N protein antibody positive in the serum, and positive immunohistochemical expression in most of the cytoplasm in the gastric tissue mucous gland epithelial cells. 1 case also expressed in the intestinal tissue slurry columnar epithelium and interstitial cells. The other two cases showed negative on both serum N protein antibody and immunohistochemical expression. The biopsy results of the 5 patients were as follows: 1 case diagnosed as "signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach and rectum multiple transfer", 1 case of gastric polyp, 1 case of superficial antral gastritis and 2 cases were normal. Conclusion By testing the special IgG, IgM, nucleocaspid antibody to SARS-CoV of the 14 family clustering cases , we found that they all decreased in the 7th year, and most of them disappeared. The nucleocaspid antibody titer was related to pathogenetic condition. SARS-CoV was proved to be still present in stomach and enteric tissues of SARS patients with the nucleocaspid antibody titer increased significantly after the 7th year.

Treatment on post-operational complications of aortic endovascular grafting exclusion / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the post-operative complications of aortic endovascular grafting exclusion (EVGE) and its reasons and treatments.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 82 cases received aortic endovascular grafting exclusion from January 2002 to October 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Seventy-one cases were male and 11 cases were female with the age of 33 to 78 years and the average age of 49.2 years. There were 66 cases of thoracic aortic dissecting aneurysms and 16 cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The effect, post-operational complications and its treatment were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 90.1% patients had been followed up with the time of 3 to 78 months with technical success of 90.3%, clinical success of 94.1%, peri-operational mortality of 2.4%, total mortality of 6.1% and mortality associated with EVGE of 2.4%. Twenty-one cases underwent complications including type I endoleak (13 cases), abdominal aortoduodenal fistula (1 case), narrow true lumen (2 cases), reverse Stanford A dissection (2 cases), post EVGE syndrome (12 cases), delayed healing of inguinal incision (5 cases), constipation (3 cases), cerebral infarction (1 case). No paraplegia, left subclavian artery ischemia, contrast media associated nephrosis, ischemic colitis, ischemic neurologic injury, and artery embolism occurred. Post operation 4 cases had the second intervention including 2 type I endoleak and 2 narrow true lumen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The technique-related complications still hinder the long-term effect of EVGE. It needs to be further investigated on technique improvement and treatment standardization.</p>

Clinical evaluation of the application of gene chip for identifying pathogens in blood cultures / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of using gene chip method to identify pathogens in blood cultures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical blood samples were obtained and cultured using an automated blood culture system. A gene chip diagnostic kit was used to detect the pathogenic bacteria in these blood cultures following the procedures of target gene extraction and amplification, hybridization and result analysis. The conventional method was also used to isolate and identify the bacteria from the clinical blood cultures, and the results of the two methods were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 86 clinical blood samples, 74 were positive and 12 negative according to the conventional method, while 48 were positive and 38 negative as found by the gene chip method, showing significant differences in the results (P<0.05). The two methods only had a concordance rate of 69.77%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The gene chip diagnostic kit has low concordance rate with the conventional method for detecting pathogens in clinical blood cultures and awaits further improvement.</p>

Over-expression in Escherichia coli and purification of nucleocaspid and membrane protein of SARS coronavirus / 生物工程学报

Genes encoding nucleocaspid (N) and membrane (M) protein of SARS coronavirus were obtained by RT-PCR and were cloned into expression vector pET22b and pBV222. DNA sequencing showed that the genes cloned from a patient in Beijing were identical to the gene sequences from reported Toronto strain. The genes were over-expressed in E. coli either as inclusion body or as soluble form. The recombinant proteins were purified by ion-exchange, or ion-exchange followed by metal chelate affinity chromatography. The recombinant N protein was demonstrated highly antigenic and could be employed as antigen to detect SARS antibodies in ELISA system for SARS diagnosis.